1.) “Multiculturalism” Is The Co-Existence Of Diverse...

1.) â€Å"Multiculturalism† is the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, religious, or cultural groups and its manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communication styles. Assimilation occurs when members of one cultural group adopt the language, practices, beliefs. Assimilation requires minorities to adopt the traits of the dominant culture (49). Through this process we simply add new information to our existing knowledge base, often times reinterpreting these new experiences to fit preexisting information. Culture assimilation isn’t so much changing one’s opinion but rather adding to it, or expanding the possibilities of such actions. For example,†¦show more content†¦An example, Amish people live among us and despite the availability/advancement in technology they choose to live an old lifestyle. By traveling by horse, not using any electricity, and having their own exclusive Amish community for themselves. These terms reflect a more positive impact than negative one, multiculturalism as increasing minority members’ happiness: Religious tolerance — coupled with federalism and localism — has often let peop le live, be free, and pursue happiness in America without having to sacrifice or hide their belief systems(Volokh ).Multiculturalism as an engine of the search for truth: Both federalism and religious diversity often produce a wide range of options — ideological and governmental — that then compete with one another. In federalism, this is known as the â€Å"states as laboratories of democracy† model. For religious and other ideologies, this best fits the metaphor of the â€Å"marketplace of ideas(Volokh). Multiculturalism as a source of valuable citizens: The tolerance for a wide range of religious belief systems has drawn more people to this nation, and has avoided forcing people into exile. Recall the old joke, â€Å"who was the most successful German general of World War II?,† with the answer being â€Å"Eisenhower.† More seriously, America’s development of the atomic bomb during World War II, which relied heavily on European (and often Jewish) scientists who had fled Hitler, is one illustration — one of many — of the valueShow MoreRelatedMulticulturalism Is A Fact Of Canadian Life1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthat multiculturalism is a fact of Canadian life. The numbers back this statement as Statistics Canada shows that nearly 6,264,800 people identified themselves as a member of a visible minority group which, represented 19.1% of the total population. Multiculturalism is defined as â€Å"the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours†. With this definition, the crucial points become â€Å"co-existence of diverse cultures†Read MoreMulticulturalism : The Emerging And Ever Changing Concept Of Multiculturalism1981 Words   |  8 PagesDraft (A) MULTICULTURALISM DEFINING MULTICULTURALISM The emerging and ever changing concept of multiculturalism makes it difficult to define. Various research papers have looked at many different concepts of multiculturalism. Joyce Mosely argues that multiculturalism is the mixing and sharing of cultural groups who value their diversity, and is a natural way of life that is all encompassing (4). Likewise Sharyn Pearce discusses multiculturalism as not just the co-existence of cultures it is a mixRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For A University? Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagesand in more impalpable ways. 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The literature review section focuses on various theories andRead MoreA Nation Of Immigrants And The United States Of America2299 Words   |  10 Pagesa country that is essentially anti-immigrant? AMERICA, A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS Based on its history, it can be argued that the United States is itself composed of immigrants; thus, to put limits on immigration would be to contradict its own existence. Immigration has been critical to the history of the United States and has contributed significantly to the country in many ways. In addition, I maintain that the forward progress and strength of America as a country depends on, and benefits fromRead More The Concept of Encounter of Cultures in the Philosophy of History4644 Words   |  19 Pagesof Encounter of Cultures in the Philosophy of History ABSTRACT: A general problem of philosophical interests concerns the possibility of objective knowledge of other cultures and a past culture, as well as the adequacy of their reconstruction. 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Web Architecture And Components ( P1 ) Essay - 1206 Words

Assignment 1: Website Performance Contents Web Architecture and Components (P1) 1 The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) 1 Web Protocols (D1) 1 Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) 1 Web Architecture and Components (P1) The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) Web Protocols (D1) Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) P1 In P1 I will be talking about how the World Wide Web works and what is the purpose of ISPs and the web hosting services that ISPs provide for business which can be helpful for business. I will be also talking about the domain structure for example what is involved in domain structure. I will also mention multiple domain registration and the role of domain name registrars. How the World Wide Web works. It is an information system on the internet which lets documents to be linked to other documents through hypertext links, allowing the user to search information by moving from one document to another. The World Wide Web is established on numerous different technologies that make it possible for users to find and share data through the internet. For example there are Web browsers, HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) and HTML (hypertext Markup language). The function of the web browser in World Wide Web is to display data, text, pictures animation and video on the Internet. The purpose of the HTTP is to secure data when you are using the internet. All the data is encoded when youShow MoreRelatedP1 : Web Architecture And Components961 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 28 P1 M1 – Web Architecture and components P1 Web Architecture – Is what creates the internet, and allows it to function Internet Service Providers (IPS) – With IPS, they are companies that will measure the amount of data that you are sending through the internet, they basically give the users access to the internet in order to use it. 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Bt Essay Research Paper IntroductionThis report follows free essay sample

Bt Essay, Research Paper Introduction This study follows the fiscal life of BT and Cable and Wireless over a fit period. The start day of the month was 21st October 1999 and the coating informations was 3rd February 2000. In 1984 BT became a populace limited company, 51 % of its portions were sold to the populace, this was a sum of 3012 million portions. The purchase monetary value was 130 pence ; the offer was 3.2 times over subscribed. To this twenty-four hours BT remains the largest company in the British telecommunications industry. Cable and Wireless is one of BT s chief rivals but it has a far broader planetary span, with involvements in 70 states World-wide. The 1890ss saw rapid growing from both companies and a scheme alteration in 1999 has BT seeking to spread out as an international communications provider. The study concentrates on alterations in their portion monetary values and why these alterations may hold been caused. It is split into 3 subdivisions. First there is a brief treatments as to why Cable and Wireless was chosen as BT s chief rival. Second a general presentation of what has happened to BT and Cable Wireless portion monetary values every bit good as the FTSE 100. These alterations are linked to economic events that occurred during the period studied. Finally there is a more elaborate treatment of a major event impacting BT s portion monetary value. A brief treatment of why the rival was chosen and issues considered when taking it Cable and Wireless was considered to be good rival for our focal point company British Telecommunications ( see appendix III ) . The two companies have both close similarities and differences, but working within the same industry supplying viing services. British Telecommunications PLC supplies inland and international telecommunication services within the United Kingdom and overseas. It s chief merchandises and services include local, long-distance, and international calls ; telephone lines, equipment and private circuits for places and concerns ; supplying and pull offing private webs ; and providing nomadic communicating services. ( FT.com ) Cable and Wireless PLC is an international telecommunications group with operations in 70 states supplying services to both concern and domestic users. Servicess include telephone, Internet, overseas telegram telecasting, multimedia and informations transmittal. ( FT.com ) Business Dislocations It is really clear from the initial descriptions that there are both definite similarities and differences between the two companies. BT is more telecommunications orientated whereas Cable and Wireless have been interrupting through the barriers into Internet and, so, overseas telegram telecasting services. To specify more precisely where each concern was focused we looked at the dislocations of financial 1999 grosss: British Telecommunications Inland Telephone calls -30 % The bulk of BT s concern is Telephone Exchange Line Rentals -20 % made up of inland telephone calls. International Telephone Calls -9 % Mobile Communications -8 % Private Circuits -7 % Customer Premises Equipment Supply -5 % Grosss from UK operators -4 % Yellow Pages and other directories -3 % Other Gross saless and Services -14 % These assorted gross revenues and services are expected to be partially Entire 100 % Internet and multimedia related. Cable and Wireless International Telecommunications -39 % Large importance of international National Telecommunications -38 % concern compared to BT s 9 % Mobile Telephone services -12 % Cable Television -3 % Cableships -3 % Internet and Multimedia Services -2 % Managed Services and Outsourcing -2 % Other Revenue -1 % ( Beginning ; Financial Times Web Entire 100 % appendix IV and V ) Looking at these dislocations it is clear that both companies have really different orientations. It is nevertheless of import to retrieve that both of these companies are developing and spread outing their concern in all kinds of new countries. In peculiar the up and coming importance and popularity of e-commerce has brought frontward enlargement, particularly in BT, towards more Internet and multimedia development and investing. Company Aims More in-depth research into the companies is needed in order to place their company aims and therefore their programs for the hereafter. BT sighted their ambitious aim as being: to be the most successful global communications group. BT was one time a UK monopoly ; it is now transforming itself from a UK telecommunications company into a planetary communications company. It has grown from a national telecommunications operator, covering chiefly in fixed-voice telephone calls, to a planetary communications company with operations that span the universe and services that, in add-on to fixed-voice telephone, include the Internet, Mobile and information communications, and concern systems and solutions. BT has recognised the high addition in competition in the UK industry, of which it was one time a monopolizer, and has realised that to avoid being undercut and forced out of the market it needed to accommodate and respond to altering environment and progressively technologically advanced industry. Cable and Wireless have already recognised the importance of e-commerce and are later puting ends to further this advantage: Our hereafter success depends on going a leader in Internet and informations communications around the Earth. As the universe s most international operator, we are capitalizing on our strengths and shifting Cable and Wireless to prehend the of all time spread outing market chances. ( Sir Ralph Robins- Chairman ) Cable and Wireless is good cognizant that it is the lone big international operator and is working that fact. Their international coverage and multimedia focal point is clearly a consequence of this: Today as ordinance recedes and denationalization and competition become the norm, operators can offer any service to any client and the challenge is to offer the most competitory, end-to-end service for clients. New companies and confederations are jumping up to run into the demand. ( Graham Wallace- Chief Executive ) There is one outstanding difference between BT and Cable and Wireless. BT is a company that was stuck in its ways because for at the clip when it was a monopoly it was successful, now that the markets are altering, so the company needs to. Cable and Wireless has invariably reinvented itself as markets and engineering has changed, this is reflected in the larger dedication to Internet and informations communications. BT has late ( last 2/3 old ages ) realised that it needs to accommodate and it is now get downing to see the fruits of these alterations. Fiscal Similarities Clearly BT is larger company than Cable A ; Wireless, but to such a big extent that they are non able to vie against one another. Decision In decision to how our group made the determination of our rival, we based it around the facts that both companies were working, at least partially, within the same market and that they were both aiming the same consumers utilizing the same or similar services. We did look at other companies such as Orange and Vodafone who could besides be considered to rivals to BT but we considered that their countries of competition was merely within the nomadic communicating market, and hence decided that Cable and Wireless were a better all unit of ammunition rival. BT and Cable A ; Wireless portion monetary values This subdivision will show the portion monetary values of both companies from 21st Oct 1999 to 3rd Oct 2000, along with the FTSE-100 index value. BT s portion monetary value motions will be compared to Cable A ; Wireless s and both will be linked to economic events during this period. The general tendency of all graphs will be discussed, before analyzing in greater item any important additions or lessenings in the portion monetary values. The day-to-day portion monetary values are under appendix ( I ) . Two graphs exposing the informations are under appendix ( II ) . The first thing that has to be noted is that during the period followed Cable and Wireless significantly out performed BT, even though for long periods BT had a higher portion monetary value. Cable and Wireless had a get downing portion value of 668.5 pence and finished the period with a value of 1243 pence. This was an 86 % addition. This compared to BT get downing on 935.5 and completing on 975, merely a 4 % addition in portion monetary value. However, up until the center of December portion monetary values were increasing at similar rates. The graphs represent the period up until 14th Dec. On the printed graph a additive tendency line for each company has been added. It can be seen that the lines are really about parallel. This goes to demo that both portion monetary values have been increasing at similar rates. The overlying graph represents the motions of the FTSE 100 up until the center of December. When compared to the graph above it can be seen that the tendency line is steeper, i.e. increasing at a greater rate than the two companies. This implies that BT and Cable A ; Wireless are non executing every bit good as the economic system in general. Any possible grounds for this will be discussed subsequently in the study. It is from the in-between December onwards that important alterations start to happen. BT had a autumn in lucks where as Cable A ; Wireless continued to bask increased value. It is these motions that need greater analysis to construe why the portion monetary values moved in separate waies. Each company will be dealt with in bend with timely comparings being made when needed. Cable and Wireless portion monetary value motions The first large move was an addition from 898 to 1081 pence. That was a 20 % addition in value in merely 4 yearss during December. This addition occurred during the proclamations of their enlargement in the net. The enlargement includes Cable and Wireless re-inventing itself as a high quality planetary platform for concern informations and Internet Protocol. This has attracted a batch of investing from American financess ; therefore the portion monetary value has risen. During this period BT s portion value was diminishing proposing that investors could hold been exchanging to a company that seems to be spread outing more quickly in the hunt of increased returns. The following noticeable motion was another big addition mid manner through January 2000. An addition from 1047.5 to 1338 pence per portion occurred in merely 1 hebdomad, taking the monetary value of Cable and Wireless portions above that of BT s. This addition was the markets reaction to the fact that merely 1 hebdomad earlier on the 13th January it was announced that the company had acquired eight of Europe s taking Internet Service Providers ( ISP s ) increasing their entire investing in European concern ISP s to 300m. Besides the acquisition of a new web set Cable A ; Wireless as one of the taking suppliers of concern Internet services in Europe. This investing was associating to its program to spread out in Internet Protocol and doubtless provoked another addition in demand for overseas telegram and wireless portions. The fact that Cable A ; Wireless has already invested a great trade in this of all time, spread outing market should ensue in big future net incomes. BT portion monetary value motions The terminal of December marked the first of the large lessenings in BT s portion monetary value. On 29th Dec the monetary value was 1513 pence, by 7th Jan it had slumped to 1201 pence. During this period it was announced that BT were doing a joint command with Vodafone for the Spanish Mobile Phone Company Airtel. It could be expected that intelligence of possible return over would increase the demand for BT portions in the outlook of higher dividends from net incomes made by the subordinate company. Obviously this did non happen. BT was non the lone company that had this bead in portion monetary value. Markets across Europe fell due to the fright of involvement and rising prices rates increasing. This rise in rates means that it is more expensive for a house to pay off debts. Besides consumers will pass less. Both of these factors will take to a autumn in company net incomes. The anticipation of high rates hence, explained the autumn in BT s portion monetary value. It is besides noticeable that Cable A ; Wireless had a autumn in public presentation in that they were non increasing in monetary value every bit much as they were during the hebdomads before. Cable A ; Wireless portion monetary values do non drop every bit much as BT s because BT has greater debts to pay back ; therefore any net incomes will be affected by a greater per centum than for Cable A ; Wireless. There was a 2nd large motion for BT, which was after they released let downing third- one-fourth figures, which sent the company portions immersing below Cable and Wireless. Third-quarter pre-tax net incomes fell to 651m from 858m a twelvemonth earlier. BT blamed speed uping UK competition, such as that from Cable and Wireless, and high staff costs. The portions tumbled 214 or 18 per cent to 976p. THE MAJOR EVENT Introduction The chosen major event is the release of BT s interim semiannual consequences on November 11th 1999. The rival company s study was released on the old twenty-four hours, and so this should supply utile comparings. Activity OF THE SHARE PRICES BEFORE THE EVENT The portion monetary value of BT remained rather changeless during the hebdomad before the event, with merely minor fluctuations. The portion monetary value made modest additions on the two yearss prior to the release. This seems to propose market cautiousness about BT s growing chances in the progressively competitory telecom industry. This stableness of the portion monetary value infers that there was no rapid purchasing of BT portions by investors trusting to buy them at a price reduction, before the rise in monetary value that would follow good consequences. Neither was there heavy merchandising which would coerce the portion monetary value down. During the same period before the release of Cable and Wireless s study its portion monetary value fluctuated, but fell 14.5 points on the twenty-four hours before the proclamation. This suggests investors may hold sold the portions. If this was the instance so it points to a deficiency of assurance in the company, and that they expect the portion monetary value to fall more in the hereafter instead than lift. The ground for this deficiency of assurance may be due to uncertainness about the scheme of the company. This can be summed up in the quotation mark: It was still hard to state what Cable and Wireless was truly for. ( The Economist, June 5th 1999 ) This article was written a short clip after a new direction squad took over the company. They are committed to a scheme of streamlining the company and concentrating on concern communications. The downward motion in the portion monetary value suggests that the market is unsure how successful they will be in accomplishing this aim. Motions ON THE DAY OF RELEASE OF THE REPORTS The figures in BT s study were by and large perceived to be good, which is shown in the headline: BT shrugs off escalating competition. ( Financial Times, 12th November 1999 ) The autumn in net incomes in this one-fourth is due to the fact that there was a sell-off of assets and minority involvements worth 1 bn in the same one-fourth last twelvemonth, which will hold unnaturally enhanced last old ages net income. The market reaction to the consequences was positive, and the portion monetary value closed on November 11th on a new high of 1254p. The strong public presentation of BT will likely hold been helped by the fact that on the old twenty-four hours Cable and Wireless s consequences had non been good. Net incomes rose, nevertheless, this addition was brought approximately by disposals of 4 bn during the one-fourth. The market realised this addition was non due to better public presentation. This is clearly proved by the big autumn in implicit in net incomes per portion. The company increased it s interim dividend to 4.5p, nevertheless, this is still merely half that being paid by BT. So, investors looking for a regular income from their investing would be likely to purchase BT portions and non those of Cable and Wireless. The company s portion monetary value fell by 18.5 points to shut at 665.5p. Activity OF THE SHARE PRICES FOLLOWING THE EVENT The portion monetary value of BT fluctuated in the undermentioned hebdomad, but maintained a degree higher than before the release of the study. On Monday 15th of November it closed on another high of 1298p. This implies that the market assurance in BT remained strong. The improved degree of BT s portions is besides likely to hold been caused by the shutting of a trade with Viag of Germany giving BT entree to the Swiss and Austrian markets for the first clip. Deriving entree to new markets is likely to better BT s profitableness in the hereafter, hence doing the company more attractive to investors. The portion monetary value of Cable and Wireless improved after the initial autumn and gained 115 points to shut on a new high of 780.5p on November 12th. The chief ground was market guess that Cable and Wireless was about to sell-off its interest in Hong Kong Telecom. This subordinate has been making severely because of the Asiatic stock market crisis. This possible trade brought blessing from analysts. On the same twenty-four hours the agents Goldman and Sachs said that Cable and Wireless portions have a sum-of-parts value of 950p. When well-thought-of agents suggest that portions are worth more than their current trading monetary value stockholders are likely to purchase the portions trusting to do capital additions. Activity OF THE FTSE-100 INDEX DURING THE WHOLE Time period During the 20-day window environing the events the FTSE-100 index rose systematically, seting an norm of 30.2 points a twenty-four hours. The FTSE fell merely twice during the period, and this was merely after it reached a new high on the old yearss. So this suggests strong assurance in the market in general, which will hold assisted the two companies. Decision The close observations of the 2 companies over the period have revealed significant fluctuations in portion monetary value. Cable and Wireless were seen to predominate due to their better Internet and planetary enlargements. BT s public presentation has declined to such an extent that market assurance has fallen dramatically, as revealed in their worsening portion monetary value. Appendix I ) Table of informations demoing the day-to-day portion monetary values of BT and Cable and Wireless, every bit good as the FTSE-100. II ) Line Graph that represents the day-to-day portion monetary values for the period that was followed. III ) A piece of advertisement from Cable and Wireless indicating out the how close a rival BT is. IV ) Print out from FT.com, used to supply informations on what countries each company focuses its concern on. The chief point that has to be noted about a free market is that there is no pay compositor. The pay is determined in much the same manner as a goods and services market. This means that the pay is set at the point where the demand and supply of labor intersect. The diagram below shows labour market equilibrium. Insert graph demoing demand and supply of labor Equilibrium pay being tungsten, equilibrium measure of labor Supplied and demanded being q1. D1 and S represent the initial demand and supply of labor. The point at which they intersect gives the equilibrium pay rate as W1 and the equilibrium measure of labour employed as Q1. At point D2 the market is non in equilibrium because at the pay rate W1 there is a greater demand for labour than supply. This consequences in houses holding to vie with one another to pull workers to their companies. Increasing the rewards to W2 does this. This so attracts more workers and supply additions to Q2, one time once more making market equilibrium. Due to the nature of the market a monopsonist is a pay shaper instead than pay taker. This means the house has the power to defy pay additions and can even coerce the pay rate down. However a monopsonist is in competition against other industries. This is particularly the instance if the house has to use more workers. The lone beginning of new workers may be from another industry. If this is the instance the monopsonist will hold to put a pay rate higher than the equilibrium pay in another industry in the hope that workers will be tempted to travel to the industry in which the monopsonist is in.

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Free Essays on Christropher Colombus

Critique of â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom† Bill Bigelow, a history teacher at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, in â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom†, argues that it is time to replace the legends that one might learn in school and in textbooks with a more accurate representation of the truth, and that people shouldn’t just consider what they read to be true. Bigelow in one of his classes, tries to convey to his students that throughout their school lives they have been studying an idea, at the time, they thought was true, but might consider now that the story might have a different meaning after all the facts are known. Bigelow explains to his students that when learning about something, all facts about the subject you learned about should be known, so you could come up with your own understanding of the story. The article starts out with Bigelow giving an example of one of the activities that he did in class. With the person’s permission, he claimed to his class that he had a purse and the belonging inside. Then he asked the class to prove that it was not his. The students gave many responses to the reason of it not being his, and then Bigelow brought a point of him discovering it. His students shrugged him off. Therefore, he responded,† So, why do we say that Columbus discovered America†. Bigelow goes onto explain to his class the flaws in what they learned in their early life. Bigelow’s main reason for arguing is a need to inform others about the things they did not learn about Columbus in the past. After the students in Bigelow’s class learnt about Columbus negatively, the students and Bigelow perform a role-play that expresses Bigelow’s views of Columbus. In this article, either the reader agrees with one side of the argument or the other. There is not a middle ground were the reader can agree with parts of the two different agreements. Until the point that I learned, Christopher Columbus w... Free Essays on Christropher Colombus Free Essays on Christropher Colombus Critique of â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom† Bill Bigelow, a history teacher at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, in â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom†, argues that it is time to replace the legends that one might learn in school and in textbooks with a more accurate representation of the truth, and that people shouldn’t just consider what they read to be true. Bigelow in one of his classes, tries to convey to his students that throughout their school lives they have been studying an idea, at the time, they thought was true, but might consider now that the story might have a different meaning after all the facts are known. Bigelow explains to his students that when learning about something, all facts about the subject you learned about should be known, so you could come up with your own understanding of the story. The article starts out with Bigelow giving an example of one of the activities that he did in class. With the person’s permission, he claimed to his class that he had a purse and the belonging inside. Then he asked the class to prove that it was not his. The students gave many responses to the reason of it not being his, and then Bigelow brought a point of him discovering it. His students shrugged him off. Therefore, he responded,† So, why do we say that Columbus discovered America†. Bigelow goes onto explain to his class the flaws in what they learned in their early life. Bigelow’s main reason for arguing is a need to inform others about the things they did not learn about Columbus in the past. After the students in Bigelow’s class learnt about Columbus negatively, the students and Bigelow perform a role-play that expresses Bigelow’s views of Columbus. In this article, either the reader agrees with one side of the argument or the other. There is not a middle ground were the reader can agree with parts of the two different agreements. Until the point that I learned, Christopher Columbus w...

Writing English Coursework

Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework: Custom Writing If you are writing English Coursework, you will find this page useful. Down the page you will a well-written sample of English coursework on the topic Sir Arthur Conan Doyles short stories. If you want to get a custom coursework written by professional writer from scratch in accordance to your specific instruction, you should order coursework writing service at our site. We deliver high-quality original coursework on time! Do not forget to review tips on marketing coursework writing, English essay writing, and take a look at free English essays in our paper blog maintained by professional writers! Writing English Coursework: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Short Stories In this English coursework essay, I will be studying in depth one of the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories, The Adventure of the Speckled Band. This is from his collection of short stories, the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. I will be comparing this story with five other short stories, all from the same collection as The Adventure of the Speckled Band. The stories are The Red-Headed league: The Boscombe Valley Mystery; The Man with the Twisted Lip; The Blue Carbuncle and The Engineer's Thumb. All these six stories were originally published between 1891 and 1893, in the Strand Magazine. This illustrated monthly magazine was founded by Sir George Newnes in 1891 and became prominent for its publishing serialisations and short stories. The style of stories in the Strand were mostly all fictional, with Conan Doyle's The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes pretty much dominating the magazine. As stated in The Story of The Strand Magazine, it was prominent for its superior but middlebrow fiction. This shows the main style of the Strand magazine was to print fictional short stories. The stories were mostly adventure stories, that appealed to the audience because of the suspense and tension that built up until the plot was revealed at the end. At the time its biggest reader base was the growing educated middle class, who had the leisure time to read magazines like the Strand. The magazine was produced during a publishing boom of what has been collectively called railway magazines. This m eans The Strand will have been boosted in its amount of readers, until it ceased publication in 1950. The different types of reading audiences that have enjoyed the stories vary quite a lot. The main reason these stories took off so much is by them being read on trains by businessmen or just general people whilst they were travelling. In the late 1800s, trains were the main source of businessmen travelling around. However, many other audiences read the stories, for example children and the working class liked to read the fictional stories. Conan Doyle's purpose in writing The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was probably because he wanted to write something that would really get people intrigued, and excited about the conclusions to his stories. The general appeal of detective stories is to get the reader guessing at who committed the murder, or whatever the case is. Conan Doyle builds up the suspense and is extremely good at keeping the reader guessing, and making them read on. In the Speckled Band a characters says, For pity's sake tell me the cause of my sister's death. What the character says almost epitomises what the audience is thinking. This shows that the writer of detective stories always try to keep the reader on a tender hook, which is why the stories appeal so much. Conan Doyle also uses this type of thing in the titles to his stories as well. The Adventure of the Speckled Band suggests that there will be an adventure involving something mysterious and intriguing, the Speckled Band. It is the same with The My stery of the Red-Headed league and the man with the Twisted Lip, because words like Red-Headed league are very random and uncommon, suggesting they are mysterious. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories, Conan Doyle uses the historical context to entertain his readers, and because there are different generations of audience it has consequences of how they react to the stories. For example, a reader in the early 1900s would react differently to things than a modern day reader. Because the stories were written in the late 1800s, many things were different to the modern day. Transport, dress and the language spoken by the characters have changed since the stories were written. The Boscome Valley Mystery provides us with the quote, flying westward at 50 miles an hour. This would be realistically fast and exciting to a 19th century reader, but to a modern audience it wouldn't be terribly fast compared with the trains we travel on now. It would give the modern audience an interesting comparison in transport technology from now and then. Furthermore, a character in the Speckled Band is described as having a black top-hat This is what businessmen in that p eriod often wore, so would relate to a 19th century reader, but would be of historical interest to a modern audience. The language used is also of historical content. Holmes often says, pray take a seat, which wouldn't be used in modern terminology. This is something a 19th century audience would relate to because it would be used in their day, but would be of historical interest to a modern reader as words like that aren't used any more. Another related post onMuch Ado About Nothing:. Read also: English Literature Coursework Comparative Analysis Essay A Reflection Essay Sociology Coursework Help Critique Essay Write

Writing English Coursework

Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework: Custom Writing If you are writing English Coursework, you will find this page useful. Down the page you will a well-written sample of English coursework on the topic Sir Arthur Conan Doyles short stories. If you want to get a custom coursework written by professional writer from scratch in accordance to your specific instruction, you should order coursework writing service at our site. We deliver high-quality original coursework on time! Do not forget to review tips on marketing coursework writing, English essay writing, and take a look at free English essays in our paper blog maintained by professional writers! Writing English Coursework: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Short Stories In this English coursework essay, I will be studying in depth one of the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories, The Adventure of the Speckled Band. This is from his collection of short stories, the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. I will be comparing this story with five other short stories, all from the same collection as The Adventure of the Speckled Band. The stories are The Red-Headed league: The Boscombe Valley Mystery; The Man with the Twisted Lip; The Blue Carbuncle and The Engineer's Thumb. All these six stories were originally published between 1891 and 1893, in the Strand Magazine. This illustrated monthly magazine was founded by Sir George Newnes in 1891 and became prominent for its publishing serialisations and short stories. The style of stories in the Strand were mostly all fictional, with Conan Doyle's The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes pretty much dominating the magazine. As stated in The Story of The Strand Magazine, it was prominent for its superior but middlebrow fiction. This shows the main style of the Strand magazine was to print fictional short stories. The stories were mostly adventure stories, that appealed to the audience because of the suspense and tension that built up until the plot was revealed at the end. At the time its biggest reader base was the growing educated middle class, who had the leisure time to read magazines like the Strand. The magazine was produced during a publishing boom of what has been collectively called railway magazines. This m eans The Strand will have been boosted in its amount of readers, until it ceased publication in 1950. The different types of reading audiences that have enjoyed the stories vary quite a lot. The main reason these stories took off so much is by them being read on trains by businessmen or just general people whilst they were travelling. In the late 1800s, trains were the main source of businessmen travelling around. However, many other audiences read the stories, for example children and the working class liked to read the fictional stories. Conan Doyle's purpose in writing The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was probably because he wanted to write something that would really get people intrigued, and excited about the conclusions to his stories. The general appeal of detective stories is to get the reader guessing at who committed the murder, or whatever the case is. Conan Doyle builds up the suspense and is extremely good at keeping the reader guessing, and making them read on. In the Speckled Band a characters says, For pity's sake tell me the cause of my sister's death. What the character says almost epitomises what the audience is thinking. This shows that the writer of detective stories always try to keep the reader on a tender hook, which is why the stories appeal so much. Conan Doyle also uses this type of thing in the titles to his stories as well. The Adventure of the Speckled Band suggests that there will be an adventure involving something mysterious and intriguing, the Speckled Band. It is the same with The My stery of the Red-Headed league and the man with the Twisted Lip, because words like Red-Headed league are very random and uncommon, suggesting they are mysterious. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories, Conan Doyle uses the historical context to entertain his readers, and because there are different generations of audience it has consequences of how they react to the stories. For example, a reader in the early 1900s would react differently to things than a modern day reader. Because the stories were written in the late 1800s, many things were different to the modern day. Transport, dress and the language spoken by the characters have changed since the stories were written. The Boscome Valley Mystery provides us with the quote, flying westward at 50 miles an hour. This would be realistically fast and exciting to a 19th century reader, but to a modern audience it wouldn't be terribly fast compared with the trains we travel on now. It would give the modern audience an interesting comparison in transport technology from now and then. Furthermore, a character in the Speckled Band is described as having a black top-hat This is what businessmen in that p eriod often wore, so would relate to a 19th century reader, but would be of historical interest to a modern audience. The language used is also of historical content. Holmes often says, pray take a seat, which wouldn't be used in modern terminology. This is something a 19th century audience would relate to because it would be used in their day, but would be of historical interest to a modern reader as words like that aren't used any more. Another related post onMuch Ado About Nothing:. Read also: English Literature Coursework Comparative Analysis Essay A Reflection Essay Sociology Coursework Help Critique Essay Write

Intro legal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intro legal writing - Essay Example This had the effect of changing the entire society as people intermarried and adopted the ways of the Europeans. So instead of native tribal dynasties, a feudal system was established to facilitate payments where previous commercial transactions were conducted using only the barter system. The Normans were able to introduce certain legal concepts such as prison reforms for common criminals only in areas under their control. The Norman legal and political systems was at best patchy, uneven and confusing. Like most other areas of Northern Europe, the Irish legal system prevailed in the areas not controlled by the Normans. This Irish legal system was known as the Brehon Law (brehon means judge in the Irish language) and co-existed with the Normal system after the invasion, took a resurgence during the thirteenth century and went on until around the seventeenth century. Early Irish law during this period was a collection of statutes and these were not written down but in oral traditions governing everyday life. Laws were more inclined towards civil aspects rather than a criminal code to regulate inheritance, property and contracts in a hierarchical society but they also provided fines for the criminals. Early Irish traditional laws reflected pre-Christian practices and beliefs which were often in conflict with Canon Laws during the early Christian period. In other words, it was an odd mixture of secular laws existing in parallel with Christian influences with one odd feature which was the use of surety to compel compliance with a legal decision. It is generally agreed among historians that old Irish law was often inconsistent due to the mixing of old laws with the dictates of the Church as well as forced adaptation and innovation during that time into the legal system. However, there were two recognized schools of thought as far as Irish laws were concerned and these are the Bretha Nemed and the

Two_Short_Paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two_Short_Paragraphs - Essay Example The old man, for example, tried to hang himself when at home because of desperation. When at the cafà ©, the same old man drinks his brandy with calmness and dignity. Even when he is drunk, he cannot spill his drink. The cafe is indeed a temporary respite from all the chaos in the world (Hemingway, 372-75). In the story, The Garden Party, the garden represents a place of endless pleasures. It is a place with a lot of promising energies where children and young adult look forward to a great future. The children resemble the arum lilies and brilliant butterflies that grow with an alarming vigor. The garden signifies a kind of Eden land where parents confine their children. The author conveys the land as one with a pleasant and warm feeling similar to the non-existent marvelous fairylands. The garden is covered with exotic flowers, green lawns, and various species of trees. There is a villa at the center of the garden, a tennis court and lake with the Sheridan’s garden. All these features make the garden symbolize a unique place full of potential for growth of its inhabitants. It is a place where all people long, hope or would wish to live (Mansfield

A Letter to His Son- Chesterfield, Ap Question Essay Example for Free

A Letter to His Son- Chesterfield, Ap Question Essay This passage is by no means a message of simplicity, and good intentioned writing for his son to be taken lightly. Chesterfield reflects his own values and morals in these short paragraphs, in attempts to remind his son of his responsibilities for him to â€Å"weigh and consider†. Chesterfield’s morals and values are clearly portrayed by his use of strategies such as understatement, contradiction, rhetorical question, and lastly he uses guilt, to make his intention unquestionable How does a parent change the behavior of the prodigal child? Chesterfield can attempt to bring his partying son to his senses by writing a persuasive argument. Chesterfield laces his first paragraph with understatement, in order to make his intentions clear, also he spends the first 17 lines discrediting his own advice and morals even, only to contradict himself later on – â€Å" I know, too, that the advice of parents, more particularly, is ascribed to the moroseness, the imperiousness, or the garrulity of old age.† Imperiousness – come on Chesterfield, in no way do you feel arrogant after writing out all those fat checks so â€Å"uncommon care† can be taken into his son’s education just so he can party overseas and not take advantage of his head start on the world, lets be honest, Chesterfield is dealing with a parents worst nightmare. Chesterfields rhetoric is also truly apparent is the quote â€Å"I flatter myself, that as your own reason, young as it is, must tell you, that I can have no interest but yours in the advice I give you.† Here he basically states his faith in his son’s ability to derive, and implement good advice, but clearly the underlying meaning is that his own advice is the best. Chesterfield’s constant contradiction however does not stop there, Chesterfield’s intention by using by persuasive strategy, is most definitely guilt trip his son. â€Å" I do not, therefore, so much as to hint to you, how absolutely dependant you are upon me; that you neither have, nor can have a shilling in the world but from me†¦ I have no womanish weakness for you person.† These lines are by far the strongest in the passage, not only does Chesterfield break down his sons feeling of self worth (using guilt). His intentions are obvious, he is basically saying that his son is obligated to follow his advice, contradicting what he said earlier about taking or leaving your parents advice. After revealing his true intention, Chesterfield switches gears, and breaks out his rhetorical questions to really put doubt and guilt into in his son and his fellow audience reading this in the eyes of his son. There is no â€Å"greater pleasure than to be universally allowed to excel those of one’s own age and manner of life?† Son, your opportunities are limited, so don waste them. Chesterfield’s use of rhetorical questions most of all makes clear that his son has had more opportunities than most children, and that he should truly be trying to take advantage of them. This essay can be broken down into two parts, the contradictory part, and then the rhetorical part. This is truly down to earth, straightforward, â€Å"no-bull† summary of what chesterfield wishes for his child’s future, while at the same time revealing to son the values that he holds most dear to him. Having said that, this essay was less of a suggestion, but more of threat, using sarcastic tone, and politeness, making the formality seem unique, but overall the general feeling Chesterfield wises to synthesize is guilt. There is no doubt that he is disappointed in his son’s decision to not take advantage of his highly privileged education, so in short terms, this is a letter portraying a parents worst nightmare, and how does he/she deal with this utterly distracted child?

Definition Essay - The Meaning of Love -- Expository Definition Essays

The Meaning of Love One can love a sister, a brother, a mother, a father, grandparents, uncles and aunts, cousins and friends, strangers, pets, the sunlight on a warm evening, reflecting through a prism, held by fishing line stuck to a little suction cup to a dusty window. You can love food from cake to roast beef, even those tiny individual candy bars that are never enough but just give you a taste of chocolate before you pop in the second one. One is able to love the feeling of carpet between toes or the tension in a hammocks string when you lay in that 'u' position swinging delightfully with each motion of your body. We can declare love for sounds coming from a stereo, love for that particular sound wave in coordination with other sound waves that make it to the inner ear as that thing we call music. Some of us love to feel a little pain, love feeling that edge of life that lets us know we're alive, nerves tingling with the sensation that something is not quite right, mind ablaze with the knowledge t hat the power to commit more pain or to stop it is in grasp. One might love a particular spot in the world, a city, a hill, a nook, a field of sunflowers swaying in the breeze. From flying an airplane at sound-breaking speeds or laying near comatose, the only movement the flipping of pages and the flitting of eyes as words are dragged into a brain to organize, recognize, and realize their meaning in correlation to each other. Love is all around us, continually exuding from ourself and others. When what someone does not love is near, or when it's something they hate, we are quick to learn it. The disgust in the face as a lump of food falls out of the mouth that tried something new or something forgotten. The shying away from a cer... ... anyone . . . then love must simply be everything else. For one, a scritch of fingernails across green blackboard is a loathsome, marrow scraping experience. For another, the drunken footsteps upon a staircase pounding higher and higher, closer and closer to the bedroom door. Maybe being touched on the nose or those little prickly seeds that hold on like velcro to anything they touch. At the same time another could love those little spiky balls, or enjoy owning drunken feet, the world a blur with head so heavy. Love is so ready to include that anyone is hard-pressed to find something the world excludes and places in a bin called "hate." So I ask you to love, to experience this feeling throughout every nerve of your body, every electric-impulse of a brain cell, every beat of your heart and blink of the eye. Because that's what love is to me. Simply everything.

Honey Bee Farming

Alabang we can see the skyscrapers, big malls and busy viable centers. In a backyard of a small house in a high village is a wood of trees and flowering plants, this is where the bees are camping and in this place Luke Macababbad lives. He is an urban farmer and a custodian of the colonies in a 50-square-meter backyard in Muntinlupa City subdivision. Bees sip the nectar of the shrubs and bushes of the wild flowering plants, vines and trees. January to May is the honey season, flowers bloom and honey flows. A 50 hives or colonies can make 30 to 50 kilograms of honey in 3 weeks. The 80% is being made into wine and the remaining is honey. According to Macababbad, the production is down because of climate change. The flowering season is not distinctive because the bees are confused. At this time, kakawati trees should be blooming but they are not. Honey is not produced after heavy rains. When you are into bee farming, the cost of a queen bee is $300 to $500. A single colony, with four frames to house 3,000 bees, costs about P6,200. Continuous labor and maintenance are the added operating costs. According to Virgilio Badajos, a staff beekeeper who was trained in Australia, bee mortality rate must be monitored. Migratory birds can eat up to 500 bees a day. He started the bee farming as a hobby at the University of the Philippines Los Banos. All we wanted was to have our own home-made honey for home use, he said. He had 4 colonies in his farm which expanded in Batangas, Lipa, Tanauan and Cavite. He harvested 100 kilograms of honey produced at Dielle's Apiary and Meadery Enterprises. With the increase in demand Macababbad seek the technology assistance from the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). And the Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SET UP) provided him P300,000 to purchase new stainless steel tank. This helped him increased from 1,000 bottles a year to 2,000 bottles per month. Other products were added: mango, bignay and duhat wines, the label designs and packaging were provided by DOST. Sales raised to 300 percent and on-line orders also increased. According to Dr. Teresita C. Fortuna, DOST’s Regional Director for Metro Manila, the bee colony is one of the more successful technology intervention of the DOST National Capital Region (NCR). In 2009, P8.9 million support was provided by DOST-NCR for technology acquisition to 11 microenterprises. This includes consultancies, trainings and workshops conducted in 596 firms. In Twinville Subdivision in Marikina, homeowners association uses hydroponics  or growing plants without soil. The DOST Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) provided the Hydroponic Technology. The Enriched Potting Preparation technology involves nutrient-rich compost soil extract and a specialized watering and aeration-efficient container made from used plastic bottles. Senior citizens of the Twinville Homeowner’s Association participated by planting the first crop of vegetables for home consumption. The harvested crop is sold in the city government and in nearby supermarkets. Marikina and Muntinlupa are the recipients of a bioreactor technology which converts the wastes from wet markets into organic fertilizer. While in Quezon City and Taguig, DOST NCR and PCARRD provided technical assistance and training to city agriculture technologies like edible landscaping, hydroponics and enriched potting preparation and composting.

Book Review on Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement Essay

Emotional Survival for Law Enforcement by Kevin M. Gilmartin, Ph. D. is a book that seeks to inform and instruct those seeking to be in law enforcement, law enforcement professionals and their families of the realities of a career in law enforcement- professionally and personally. And how to best prepare for emotional survival of â€Å"on-duty and off-duty† life. It also compares and contrasts what happens to officers at the beginning of this journey and what typical happens to officers overtime; focusing mainly on what happens to officers that don’t know the techniques of emotional survival. Though it does give some examples of officers who have emotional survival skills, it focuses on exemplifying the officers whose lives suffer from the lack of these skills and what great detriment it causes. Gilmartin begins by describing the early years of one’s law enforcement career. How typically- idealistic, enthusiastic and driven rookie officers are. And how quickly this world can change from positive to cynical and emotionally charged. How these long term behaviors if uncorrected, exacerbate, leading to mental and physical changes. Gilmartin uses personal experiences and stories to relate the topics addressed in this book, in a way that of? cers can readily see some of the same characteristics in themselves. Gilmartin also discusses psychological changes officers endure that can be caused by frequent exposure to horrific events. The most important definition made by Gilmartin describing officers on and off-duty is Hypervigilance; â€Å"the necessary manner of viewing the world from a threat-based perspective, having the mindset to see events unfolding as potentially hazardous. † (Gilmartin Pg. 5) According to Gilmartin this- â€Å"permits the on-duty of? cer to develop a subjective state of increased alertness/awareness of his/her surroundings required for maximum of? cer safety. † (Gilmartin Pg. 36) Gilmartin elaborates on his term of â€Å"Hypervigilance† and how it becomes problematic when he introduces the concept theory of the â€Å"Hypervigilant Biological Rollercoaster. † Stating that the on-duty of? cer is â€Å"alert, alive, energetic, quick–thinking, involved and humorous,† And the off-duty of? cer is â€Å"tired, isolated, detached, apathetic and angry. (Gilmartin Pgs. 48-50) Gilmartin goes on to illustrate; If law enforcement of? cers want to survive emotionally, they must examine their on-duty and off-duty life. Taking control of the events in their lives they can control and survive and move on from the events they cannot control. Gilmartin describes how officers can become equipped professionals of emotional survival on and off-duty. On-Duty; knowing as an officer there are only three things you can control; integrity, professionalism, and how well you do the job you are assigned to do. Off duty; proactive goal setting (outside of police work), exercise, and developing and nurturing other roles in life besides the hypervigilant police role; enabling of? cers to manage their lifestyle healthy. I believe this encapsulates Gilmartin’s books main points and demonstrates his goal; to help keep law enforcement officers healthy, by providing skill sets physically and emotionally, to survive the career. By not losing all of ones identity to just being a cop, while remaining committed, engaged and productive on and off-duty. Now I would like to analyze Gilmartin’s books strengths and weaknesses. This work is well organized, written and easily read. To the point that I believe that it would keep anyone engaged no matter if the reader was part of the intended target audience. For audience the book does target, I believe it clearly demonstrates the internal and external assaults officers will experience both personally and organizationally. And how officers can train themselves to perceive and act as a victim in everything they do and in every way they think. Or how they can emotionally survive these assaults by balancing their identity and by acquiring healthy outlets to be proactive and engaged in personal affairs. This is clearly demonstrated by various case study examples throughout the book. Examples of officers that fall directly in line with Gilmartin’s Hypervigilant Biological Rollercoaster theory and how some of these studies show the result of an officers application of emotional survival. This is what makes the book so strong. Gilmartin’s ability to give validity to his concepts by comparing and contrasting officer action and reaction of similar situations. Then applying his theory of those who fall victim to the Hypervigilant Biological Rollercoaster, have the victim mentality and the unbalanced identification with solely being a cop. To those officers that display emotional survival techniques. By doing this Gilmartin shows clear distinction; drastic outcomes of similar situations. Reinforcing the importance of acquiring emotional coping tools and exemplifying the devastation in an officer’s life lacking these skills. The weaknesses I encountered in this book where; little if any emphasis was placed on teaching of? cers how to avoid the other dangers they will ultimately face. Mainly focusing on the Hypervigilant cycle of officers and their loss of identity. I would have liked Gilmartin to explain how an officer handles a tough situation in the matter of life or death. And I would have liked Gilmartin to have more than one chapter that focused on the emotional survival of law enforcement personnel. I believe it leaves the targeted audience waiting and wanting more instruction on how to become an emotional survival. Lastly I would have loved to have understood the compilation of data retrieved by Gilmartin. Discovering how he came up with his concepts and theories. Over what period time did he construct these particular studies and how many agencies did he work with to compile this data? What where the percentages of officers that suffered from a lack of emotional survival skills to those that had these skills? What percentages of officers fell in the middle? I believe knowing the quantitative component to this research would have further qualified his findings. Overall this book was fantastic. I believe this book will help those interested in law enforcement as well as of? cers and their families. I believe this book can help plot a path through a dif? cult journey in a law enforcement career. Helping sustain relationships, families and positive professional attitudes. Though I hoped for some addition information in this book it does not lack in quality or clarity of its messages. It is a strong book and I would recommend it to anyone interested in law enforcement, anyone currently in law enforcement, family members of law enforcement personnel and those who have been in law enforcement. I believe the goal of this book is to provide officers the information of how to recognize the deterioration of core values (personally and professionally) and what can take place in their lives if gone uncorrected. Then provides specific strategies that can be utilized to reduce the negative emotional and physical impact of a law enforcement career. I believe the book succeeds in doing this.

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essays

How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essays How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay How Social Policy Had An Impact On The Nhs Social Work Essay Howard ( 2000 pg98 ) . Despite its accomplishments and popularity since the 1980 s, the NHS has come under increasing force per unit area and strain from the conservative authoritiess which have seen it as a load on the economic system. It has come under intensive unfavorable judgment for being professionally dominated, unresponsive to consumers and internally inefficient and uneffective in the usage of resources. And as a consequence in the 1990 s the NHS and community Act semen in to force and introduced alterations that have been seen as the most extremist since the 1946 Act that created the service. Though the NHS remained revenue enhancement funded at the point of bringing, this Act recommended the debut of an internal or quasi market and the debut of a split of the NHS budget between those who purchased the services for their population and those who provide the services. The bid and control theoretical account of the NHS with the Top-down directives was replaced by a system where the local buyers ne gotiated contracts with the suppliers besides accent was placed on debut of audit system and better monitoring of public presentation. Buyers ( the territories ) determined what services they wanted and who they should be bought. This means that the trading costs were a precedence for the buyers than the quality of the services. The purpose of the conservative authorities in presenting the markets was to drive up criterions and increase answerability ( Enthoven, 1985 ) . The conservative authorities came into power in May 1979 strongly influenced by the political doctrine of the New Right authorities policy in general strongly promoted concern and private endeavor and sought to deter persons and households from yielding to welfare dependence . Reliance on the market ( non the province ) , increased the competition and to a greater pick for individuals- consumer sovereignty- were the rules which underpinned a overplus of policies during the 1980s and 1990s. Individuality was lauded over Bolshevism Dorey ( 2005: p.104 ) . Thatcher applied policies of Milton Friedman s monetarism ( 1980 ) that aimed at commanding rising prices by cut downing authorities adoption and subsidise industries through denationalization. This involved merchandising authorities funded services to companies and persons who had money to put Jenkins, ( 1987 ) . The chief purpose was to raise money and pay off the authorities debts and to better efficiency of nationalised industrie s. The National Health Service was non privatised but was reorganised into parts, the medical which was dealt with by the authorities while the ancillary was privatised to competitory stamps from private companies ( inexpensive bidders win ) . It was assumed that competition would increase efficiency, cut down costs, create societal justness in order for everybody to acquire equal intervention and subject medical behavior. But all this did non work out as planned. For illustration infirmaries were non decently cleaned taking to an addition of infections like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus skin infection ( MRSA ) and Clostridium Difficile ( CDF ) . It can be argued that the Thatcher s politically influenced policy reforms were taking at denationalization through the creative activity of market which is contrary to the foundation rules of NHS which are free at the point of bringing. This statement leads one to oppugn whether Thatcher had prepared the NHS for these extremist reforms. But besides one admirations if the authorities had planned how the hapless would entree NHS services without being excluded on fiscal virtue. King ( 2005 ) asserts that there was no immediate inspection and repair of the NHS in order to render it compatible with and complementary to these new values as it encouraged greater usage of private wellness attention while from 1983, wellness governments were required to contract out domestic, catering and laundering service. In relation to poorness and inequality, it can be argued that this policy created unemployment for those who lost their occupations during the denationalization and besides those who could non afford to pay for private wellness attention ; they were excluded from accessing the services. However, Haus argues that Margaret Thatcher saved the British economic system by conveying both the rising prices and unemployment under control and by making a more dynamic private sector they called a 3rd manner that combines the best facets of the socialist committedness to equality and market economic system. But to her oppositions, Haus says that they viewed her policies as new jobs and exacerbated bing 1s by widening the spread between rich and the hapless and by leting public services to deteriorate ( Haus 2009 ) . Much as the denationalization policy appears controversial from Haus position, the component of commanding rising prices and salvaging the British economic system from the 1980 s depreciation implies that there were economic drivers that influenced Margaret Thatcher to reform the policies. This statement is supported by Alcock. He states that societal policy development is besides closely dependent upon the economic construction of the society and upon the economic growing within it ( Alcock s 2008: p.198 ) . One of the new Labour s chief aims when elected in 1997 was to do important betterment in the NHS and in line with that the NHS was to be rebuilt. The authorities put frontward its programs in a White paper. ( The new NHS Morden reliable Department of Health 1997 ) . Following the publication of the white paper on the NHS in 1997 and a assorted other audience papers, broad runing wellness reforms were discussed which led to the Heath Act 1999. This Act brought cardinal alterations in the NHS. The internal markets which were introduced by the Thatcher authorities in the 1990 s were replaced by a new policy which encouraged co-operation and partnership between wellness services and between the NHS societal services and other attention suppliers. In 2001 primary attention groups were established in every country of England with the purpose of running the wellness services. The primary attention groups were formed by local groups of physicians and nurses, theses administrations were to supervise the bringing of primary wellness attention to the local community through household physicians. They besides directed resources available to the NHS trust and other wellness service administration ( Blackmoore, 2003 ) . The wellness Act 1999 together with the wellness Act 2001 led to the debut of the Primary Care Trusts which were meant to run wellness and societal service jointly. Harmonizing to Downey ( 2001 p 34 ) the wellness and societal Act of 2001 led to a extremist shingle up of the societal service neer seen in three decennaries . The Labour authorities under Tony Blair made important alterations to the physicians contracts due to economic factors, chiefly restrictions of the capitation system in GP support. Alternatively it introduced what was termed as modern contracts for GPs and infirmary physicians. The contracts were to be quality based and physicians were paid on status upon making certain public presentation marks. GPs were required to run into specified betterments in preventive attention every bit good as quality of their services to patients. The General Practitioners ( GPs ) were budgeted and were expected to work within those budgets to run into the demands of their patients . They were rewarded if they managed to work within their budgets and given extra money for running wellness promotional clinics. They were to shop around for the cheapest supplier for their patients. However as they were loath to accept patients who would run out on their budgets therefore attention for the people who needed it most in most instances suffer. Shaun et Al ( 2001 ) . Inspection of the wellness service was introduced together with the cardinal ordinance. This meant that the wellness attention criterions and wellness service bringing were to be monitored by an administration known as the national institute for clinical excellence. This organic structure was to make up ones mind which drugs and new interventions are to be available to patients free on the NHS. In line with the above, another regulative organic structure was set up. It was known as the Commission for Health Improvement ( CHI ) . This organic structure was to inspect the criterions of infirmary and primary attention. In fact this organic structure was meant to move as Ofsted in supplying league tabular arraies of schools and colleges but for CHI it created hospital public presentation conference tabular arraies by printing patients endurance rates after assorted infirmaries and operations. In contrast nevertheless, the publication of conference tabular arraies with ranking of public presentation, make negative impact to the primary attention trusts and infirmary located at the underside of the tabular array that they provide worst services. It besides creates negative impact on the public trust and professional lesson because staff may be demoralised in making its maximal potency for better services if their infirmary is considered to be under executing. Again the usage of conference tabular arraies do non truly reflect the quality of infirmary intervention, because they include a little figure of cardinal clinical countries and uncertainty go into item about the procedure of attention. What they truly show is the effectivity of trust s direction squad instead than criterion of clinical attention. More so, even if patients are cognizant of their local infirmary public presentation, they have no pick approximately where to acquire better intervention because infirmary r eferrals are decided by GPs. In 1997, the labour authorities under Blair recommended a public assistance reappraisal. However, there was no effort to change by reversal the alterations made by Thatcher and accepted that there can be no return to the Aureate Age . The chief public assistance proviso that Labour introduced is called WELFARE TO WORK, A NEW DEAL. It was aimed at assisting groups particularly immature, solitary parents and long-run unemployed who rely on benefits, to happen work and support themselves. Labour s attack was to happen a 3rd manner between the Aureate Age public assistance province and the conservative alterations. The authorities introduced a minimal pay to busywork more attractive than claiming benefits. The Blair authorities did a batch to better the NHS and in 2002 Blair staked the hereafter of his authorities to better the NHS. The distribution of wealth in Britain saw a figure of statements, which were about equality, and the impact of public assistance province on assorted sectors in society. Capitalist do non fund public assistance systems as the workers pay for it through direct revenue enhancement ; they pay for their ain wellness. Poor people carry far more of the revenue enhancement load in existent footings than the wealthy because the cost of the indirect revenue enhancement such as VAT on points such as beer and coffin nails take a big part of their income ( Shaun et al, 2000 ) the affluent benefits more the public assistance province than do the hapless such as revenue enhancement alleviation on mortgages. Socialist. The socialists argue that the public assistance of persons is the duty of the province. They argue for redistribution of income through revenue enhancement so that the rich can fund the public assistance of the hapless. They wish to alter the construction of the society to profit the hapless and bridge the spread between rich and hapless. The socialists argue in favor of cosmopolitan entree to public assistance and are opposed to aiming benefit. Liberals. They argue that public assistance is needed to back up capitalist economy and to back up the hapless. Writers such as Anthony Giddens, suggest that the province can non go forth some of the jobs to market forces to work out because these jobs are excessively large or excessively complicated.The progressives sort out jobs as they arise without either looking for them or leting any stiffly held positions act uponing common sense positions of the events. In decision public assistance province developed due to a figure of factors lending poorness, illness, high degrees of unemployment after the Second World War. The recommendations of the Beveridge study about the five evil giants influenced the authorities to present the public assistance province and to the subsequent alterations to the NHS.

Carbon Dioxide Poisoning Causes and Treatment

Carbon Dioxide Poisoning Causes and Treatment You are exposed to carbon dioxide every day in the air you breathe and in household products, so you might be concerned about carbon dioxide poisoning. Heres the truth about carbon dioxide poisoning and whether its something you need to worry about. Can Carbon Dioxide Poison You? At ordinary levels, carbon dioxide or CO2 is non-toxic. It is a normal component of air and so safe it is added to beverages to carbonate them. When you use baking soda or baking powder, you are purposely introducing carbon dioxide bubbles into your food to make it rise. Carbon dioxide is as safe a chemical as any youll ever encounter. Then Why the Concern Over Carbon Dioxide Poisoning? First, its easy to confuse carbon dioxide, CO2, with carbon monoxide, CO. Carbon monoxide is a product of combustion, among other things, and is extremely toxic. The two chemicals are not the same, but because they both have carbon and oxygen in them and sound similar, some people get confused. Yet, carbon dioxide poisoning is a real concern. It is possible to suffer anoxia or asphyxiation from breathing carbon dioxide, because increased levels of carbon dioxide may be related to decreased concentration of oxygen, which you need in order to live. Another potential concern is dry ice, which is the solid form of carbon dioxide. Dry ice generally is not toxic, but it is extremely cold, so if you touch it you risk getting frostbite. Dry ice sublimates into carbon dioxide gas. The cold carbon dioxide gas is heavier than the surrounding air, so the concentration of carbon dioxide near the floor may be high enough to displace oxygen, potentially posing a danger to pets or small children. Dry ice does not pose a significant hazard when it is used in a well-ventilated area. Carbon Dioxide Intoxication and Carbon Dioxide Poisoning As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, people start to experience carbon dioxide intoxication, which may progress to carbon dioxide poisoning and sometimes death. Elevated blood and tissue levels of carbon dioxide are termed hypercapnia and hypercarbia. Carbon Dioxide Poisoning Causes There are several causes of carbon dioxide poisoning and intoxication. It may result from hypoventilation, which in turn may be caused by not breathing often or deeply enough, rebreathing exhaled air (e.g., from a blanket over the head or sleeping in a tent), or breathing in an enclosed space (e.g., a mine, a closet, a shed). Scuba divers are at risk of carbon dioxide intoxication and poisoning, usually from poor air filtration, not breathing at the normal rate, or simply from having a harder time breathing. Breathing the air near volcanoes or their vents may cause hypercapnia. Sometimes carbon dioxide levels become imbalanced when a person is unconscious. Carbon dioxide poisoning can occur in space craft and submarines when scrubbers arent functioning properly. Carbon Dioxide Poisoning Treatment Treatment of carbon dioxide intoxication or carbon dioxide poisoning involves getting carbon dioxide levels back to normal in the patients bloodstream and tissues. A person suffering from mild carbon dioxide intoxication typically can recover simply by breathing normal air. However, it is important to communicate a suspicion of carbon dioxide intoxication in case the symptoms worsen so that proper medical treatment may be administered. If multiple or serious symptoms are seen, call for emergency medical help. The best treatment is prevention and education so that conditions of high CO2 levels are avoided and so you know what to watch for if you suspect the levels may be too high. Symptoms of Carbon Dioxide Intoxication and Poisoning Deeper breathing Twitching of muscles Increased blood pressure Headache Increased pulse rate Loss of judgment Labored breathing Unconsciousness (occurs in under a minute when CO2 concentration rises about 10%) Death Reference EIGA (European Industrial Gases Association), Carbon Dioxide Physiological Hazards - Not Just an Asphyxiant, retrieved 01/09/2012. Key Points Carbon dioxide poisoning results in a condition called hypercapnia or hypercarbia.Carbon dioxide intoxication and poisoning can elevate pulse rate and blood pressure, produce a headache, and result in poor judgement. It can result in unconsciousness and death.There are multiple causes of carbon dioxide poisoning. Lack of air circulation, in particular, can be dangerous because breathing removes oxygen from the air and adds to its carbon dioxide content.While carbon dioxide can be toxic, it is a normal component of air. The body actually uses carbon dioxide to maintain proper pH levels and to synthesize fatty acids.

Steve Jobs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steve Jobs - Assignment Example revealed that his experience with experimenting on electronic items began when he was about 5 years with his father’s support and guidance; this experience rooted curiosity, passion and experimentation attitude in Jobs. Steve Jobs was known to have an incredibly curious nature; was a quick learner and had a great love for reading. As a child, Jobs was strongly determined, stubborn, and highly focused on things what interested him rather than what he was meant to do. His interest in electronics kept intensifying as time passed, which earned him friends with similar interests (Imbimbo, 2009). Steve’s first introduction to the world of computers happened when he was 12, at Hewlett-Packard office, which fascinated him to the core, and was the root cause of the revolution he later brought into the world of computers. Apart from electronics, Steve had an inclination towards music and played trumpet. He had a flair for artistic things, for example, calligraphy, which later helped him to design fonts for the Macintosh computer. Jobs was known for his inspiring speeches, referred to as Stevenotes; thousands of people would gather to listen to Steve speak about his new inventions every time (Imbimbo, 2009). Along with his friend Steve Wozniak, Jobs designed a computer which later became the Apple I computer. To make more of such computers, both raised money by selling their personal items and started working on their new R&D project, which was called the Apple Computers in 1976 (Rockman, 2004). Jobs along with Wozniak created the Apple II, and Apple III. Steve Jobs was instrumental in launching the Macintosh. After managing Apple Computers Inc for some time, Jobs left Apple and joined Next Inc in 1985. However, Jobs returned to Apple in 1996, which revolutionalised the world of computers, mobile phones and music with the invention of MacBook, iPhones, iPod and iTunes music software, all meant for consumer markets (Armstrong & Kotler, 2010). As a leader,

CROWN BRIEF SYNOPSIS police foundations program english Essay

CROWN BRIEF SYNOPSIS police foundations program english - Essay Example It is imperative to notice that a broken beer bottle was found near the foot of the third injured male. As an investigative measure, the statements of four witnesses were taken. The four witnesses did show some variance in terms of their eye-witness accounts. The first witness said that the first male victim had been assaulted by the latter two, when he tried to assault them by using weapon, which was a small knife. The second witness sided the first one, almost echoing the same version. He also added that the first victim had provoked the other two victims who were drinking beer. The third witness said that he had seen t he first victim using his knife and cutting the knuckles of the latter two, while one of the other victims had broken the beer bottle on his head. The last witness, however, changed the story and said that he had not seen the first victim carrying any weapon or provoking the other victims. By assessing the common witness statements given, one can conclude that the first victim had indeed provoked the other two, who had, in a bid to safeguard their lives, assaulted the first victim.

Unit 2 - Business Resources, Unit 20 - Managing Physical Resources in Coursework

Unit 2 - Business Resources, Unit 20 - Managing Physical Resources in a Business Environment, Unit 16 - Human Resources management in Business - Coursework Example skills, attitude and formalities to work in the conerned company, physical and technological resources of the company and their associated management to improve upon the existing performance, the importance of emplyability, skills and staff retention, sources of external and internal finance and budgetary control, financial state and a discussion on the same and finally calculation and discussion of some important financial ratios along with their limitations. Virgin Atlantic (UK) requires an initial documentation of either a valid EU Passport, or a UK Birth certificate along with a valid NHS Insurance proof or a valid passport with the necessary permits to work in the UK. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012)These documents must be submitted to Virgin Atlantic (UK) even before the selection process has begun. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012)It has to be sent it along with the application for the relevant job opening a candidate is applying to. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The application involves attaching an updated CV along with a covering letter and the necessary document which validates a candidates eligibility to work in the UK (discussed above). Under no circumstances the person should have any criminal record or any pending criminal case (Virgin Atlantic, 2012) Virgin Atlantic employs approximately 9000 people all over the world in various countries, with roughly 4000 cabin crew and 700 Pilots. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014). The main requirements for working at Virgin Atlantic include: â€Å"intelligence, responsibility, initiative and support† (Virginia Airlines Ltd, n.d.)for a candidates fellow workers, this is irrespective of which field of work the candidate would apply to, whether it be Finance, Marketing, Human Resource or Operations. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014).These requirements enable Virgin Atlantic to identify key personnel and assign them strong roles in order to build on the â€Å"Virgin† brand. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014) Virgin requires all its

Accessibility of Centres to the Road Networks: Lagos Island

Accessibility of Centres to the Road Networks: Lagos Island THE ACCESSIBILITY OF CENTRES TO THE ROAD NETWORKS: THE CASE OF LAGOS ISLAND, NIGERIA Mr. A. O. Atubi Prof. P.C Onokala Abstract Proper co-ordination of transport and public facilities provision is vital to any balanced regional development strategy. The central aim of this study therefore was to study the relationship between access to the transport networks and the provision of central facilities in Lagos Island. The results of the analysis of connectivity indices reveal the development of an increasing complex network, although the road network for 1997 remained the same as that of 1986. Using simple regression analysis, it was found that no strong relationship between road, accessibility and occurrence of facilities could be established. Rather population of centres was found to be more significant factor in the distribution of public facilities. Thus, recommendations capable of enhancing equitable transport development include; constructing new roads that will increase accessibility, save time and reduce cost to other centres and relocating some facilities too. Introduction In an urban area, there is a complex mix of land uses and all the major broad groupings of person movements (i.e.) journey to work, official trips, education trips by school children/students, shopping trips, journey made to get home, an miscellaneous journeys) in urban areas are made between them. Thus, while trip are made for a variety of purposes, they are made to and from various land use Onokala. (1995). Oyelegbin (1996), observed that traffic jams keep Lagos motorist on the roads for hours and that many motorists are blaming frequent traffic Jams of numerous deep pot-holes, blocked drainages and poor road network system. While the number of vehicles were increasing the road network infrastructure are not bet increased proportionately and even the existing ones degenerate in quality at increasing rate. The Lagos Island Local Government Area is the single most important local government in Lagos State due to the fact that most government establishments: private parastatals and public buildings are located here. It is essential to appreciate that the purpose of transport is to provide accessibility, or the ability to make a journey for a specific purpose. Transport is not timed for its own sake, but is merely a means to an end. The construction of transport infrastructure influences transport costs by is of a reduction of distances and/or a higher average speed. This will lead to changes in the choice of transport mode, route choice, time of departure (in the case ingested networks) and the generation or attraction of new movements per zone (Bruinsma, et al 1994). For example, within several European countries both the private sectors, as represented by mobile shops, and the public sector for example mobile library, have for many years provided services on-wheels for rural communities. Existing services could in future he coordinated to ensure that each community in turn became the focus of several of these services, so that the hinterland population need make only one journey into the centre to take advantage range of facilities (Brian and Rodney. 1995). Thus, in the U.S.A. accessibility studies in the late 1970’s and 1980’s centres on access to public facilities especially as observed by Lineberry (1977). Mladcnka 78), Mclafferty and Gosh (1982). In Nigeria several studies on accessibility tend to be related to urban centres or urban based activities. However, Onokerhoraye (1976) and Okafor (1982) sought to identify the major factors that influence distribution of post primary schools in Ilorin and lbadan respectively. They attributed the larger catchment areas to urban schools to travel distance to school and to population of urban centres. [Bardi (1982) also investigated the relationship between growth of road network and accessibility of urban centres in Bendel State, while Abumere (1982) tried to establish the nodal structure of Bendel State towns m the foregoing discussions of past studies in Nigeria we observed that the emphasis tends to be either on urban centres (Onokerhorave. 1976), postal services (Oherein, 1 985), banking (Soyode et al. 1975), bus transport services (Ali, 1997) and access to facilities in relation to road network (Atubi, 1998). There is however a need to take a total vie of transport in terms of the various activities for which the users demand mobility (Jansen, 1978). Methodology This research focused primarily on the study of road transport network system in Lagos Island Local Government Area especially as it relates to accessibility of centres Thus, structural characteristics and accessibility of major centres to the road network was considered at three points in time i.e. (1976, 1986 and 1997 periods). In developing the research design, areas that are accessible to the road network and with population of 1,000 and above at each period were taken as activity centres. Population of 1.000 was chosen as cut-off point to enable a substantial number of centres, especially those at the end of routes to appear as nodes especially as the network grows. The choice of nodes was therefore based on population size. Data Analysis and Discussions of Results In order to classify the major centres, data on six areas of central facility provision were collected namely: Medical, educational, market, postal services, banking and administrative headquarters. Data on these chosen facilities were collected both from published sources and through field survey. A list of registered health facilities in the study area by 1997 compiled by the Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa. Ikeja: list of primary schools in Lagos Island Local Government Area from the Lagos Island Local Education District Department, and monthly returns of postal facilities from post and Telecommunications (NIPOST) Marina, Lagos were used as the base data to collect the number of these facilities. More comparative data on the number and location of the services are collected from the General Post Office (G.P.O.) Marina. Lagos. The data on the distribution of banks in Lagos Island Local Government Area were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria, Lagos, while data on the distribution of markets were collected from the Department of marketing Lagos Island Local Government Secretariat. City Hall, Lagos. The accessibility of centres to the road network in Lagos Island Government Area was analyzed using the graph theory approach. It is used to handle properties to transportation networks in order to bring out their characteristics and structures. Other major techniques of analysis used include the homogenization of data etc. By 1976, we had 22 out of the 30 major centres directly connected by all season roads. Each direct connection forms a link. As an illustration by 1976, one could only move from race course to Cable Street (Net) before moving to C.M.S. (Old Marina). In this case we have 2 links along Race Course C.M.S. (Old Marina) road. In sum, 23 links or edges were identified by 1976 which connected 22 nodes. By 1986, the network became more complex as more nodes are connected through different routes. However, the same principles are applied. It has been observed that by 1986 the 30 nodes had become connected by 39 links. That means 7 extra centres had entered into the network systems. These are Leventis. C.M.S. New Marina), Force Road. Awolowo Road, Ilubirin, Ebute-Elefun and Anokantamo. By 1997, the network remained the same as that of 1986 but the major difference was the construction of Third Main Land Bridge that links Lagos inland Local Government Area to Lagos Island Local Government Area. This was that since 1986, no major work has been done on the road network in Lagos and Local Government Area, hence the road network remained the same. Although, the indices of connectivity indicate increasing complexity of network between 1976 and 1997, the indices of nodal accessibility, which explain the accessibility of one node to all others in the network, indicate the changing fortunes some centres. It is interesting to note that in terms of overall road distance, the most accessible centres in 1976 were Tinubu, Martins and Balogun, while the least accessible were Race Course. Epetedo and C.M.S. (Old Marina). By 1986, we observed that Odularni had become the most accessible centre, while Tinubu and Nnamdi Azikiwe had become the second and Third most accessible centres in the network. Again, it was noted that Epetedo (Okepopo Marina), Ebute-Elefun, Anokantamo and ldumagbo remained the least accessible centres. Other new centres connected to the network at this state include C.M.S. Maria road), Force Road, Awolowo Road, Ebute-Eletun, Anokantamo and Idumagho. Their entry into the network has the effect of increasing the accessibility for all the nodes. However, by 1997 it was observed that odulami remained the most accessible centre which corresponds with the nodal accessibility by 1986, while Tinubu and Nnamdi Azikiwe remained the second and third most accessible centres in the network which also corresponds with the nodal accessibility by 1986. Again, it was observed that Eptedo (Okepopo Marina), Ebute_Eleflm, Anokautamo and ldumagbo remain the least accessible centres. Also he Tinubu-Nnam di Azikiwe-Odulami-Bamgbose axis seems to have been enjoying high level of accessibility throughout the period. The more nodes are connected the greater the accessibility value for individual nodes. However, the entire network accessibility expands with increasing number of nodes brought into the network. Another observation is that there are some nodes (Awolowo Road, Ilubirin. Force Road, and C.M.S. (New marina Road) that were not connected in earlier times but they acquired quite high accessibility as soon as they were connected. It is observed further that there are some nodes, which declined in accessibility as more links were added. Thus Tinubu, Odulami. Olowogbowo, Balogun and Broad Street among others, declined in accessibility. The construction of Leventis C.M.S. (New Marina Road) meant that a shorter route to cable street (net) from Force Road than through Tinuhu had been created. Other routes constructed prior to 1997, which reduced the position of Tinuhu, include martins Street-ldumota, C.M.S. (Old marina-Odulami and Okepopo. In this analysis. the researchers used the simple regression. A possible relationship between accessibility and human activities has been suggested by Lachene (1965) and Chapman (1979) among others, while Keeble et al (1982) actually established a relationship between accessibility and economic activities among the countries of the E.E.C. within the country. Atuhi (1998) has in Lagos State suggested some relationship between accessibility and public facility index, while Ali (1997) suggested some relationship between accessibility and bus transport services in Enugu. For public facilities however, whose essential quality of their location is that they be as accessible to their users as possible one should expect to find a strong relationship between the two. Policy Implications The strategy of constructing new links to improve accessibility may involve heavier financial investment. Thus, a proper cost-benefit analysis is needed to determine the desirability of such investment. Still another strategy would he to provide those services which centres lack based on extensive surveys of what are available and what are needed. This centre based approach might prove more useful if the people are guided to choose out of their preference. Conclusion It is pertinent to note that the social benefit of constructing a road that increases accessibility saves time and reduces cost goes beyond the financial evaluation. This is because it touches on human value. References Abumere. SI, (1982) The nodal structure of Bendel State Nigeria Geographical Journal, vol. 25. Pp. 173-I 87. Ali, A.N. (1907) The Accessibility of major centres to the Transport Services in Enugu State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Nigeria. Nsukka. Atubi, A. 0. (1998) The Accessibility of Centres to the Road Network in Lagos Island Local Government Area Lagos State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Nigeria. Nsukka. Bardi, E.C. (1982) Development of road network and Accessibility of Urban centres within bendel State Nigeria 1967-1981: A Graph theory approach, Unpublished B.Sc. original Essay, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria. Nsukka. Brain, T. and Rodney. T. (1995) Rural Transport problems, policies and plans. Transport Systems, Policy and Planning: A Geographical Approach. Longman House, Burnt Mill. Hariow England, Pp. 231-260. Bruinsma. F.R. and Rietveld. P. (1994) Borders as harriers in the European road Network. A case study of the accessibility of Urban agglomerations in Nijkamp P. (Ed) New Borders and Old Barriers in Spatial Development, Pp. 139-52. Aveburv, Aldershot. Chapman. K. (1 979 People, Patien, and process an introduction to human Geography. Edward Arnold. London. Daly, MT. (1975) Measuring accessibility in a rural context. In white, P.R. (ed). Rural Transport Seminar, Transport Studies Group, Polytechnic of Central London, London Hoyle. B.S. and Knowles, R.D. (1992) Rural Areas: The Accessibility problem in modern Transport Geography. Longman House, Burnt in ill, Harlow England, Pp. 125-137. Ingram, D.R. (1971) The concept of accessibility: a Search for operational firm. Regional Studies, Vol. 5, Pp. 101-107 Jansen, H.O. (1978) The interaction between public transportation and other social activities: A System approach Transportation Research, Vol. 12 (2), Pp. 83- 89 Keeble, D. Owen. P.C. and Thomas. C. (1982) Regional Accessibility and Economic potential in the European Community Regional Studies, Vol. 10 (c). Pp. 4 9-432. Lachene. R. (1965) Networks and the locations of economic activities. Regional Science Association papers. Vol. XIV (24), Pp. 183-196. Lineberry, R. (1977) Equality and Urban Policy, Saga. Beverley Hills Mclafferty. S. and Gosh. A. (1982) Issues in measuring differential access to public Services. Urban Studies. Vol. 19, Pp. 383-389 Mitchell, C.C.B. and Town, SW. (1976) Accessibility of various social groups to different activities Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorness Berkshire. Mladenka, K. (1978) Organization rules, service equality and distributional decision in urban polities Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 89 (1). Pp. 192-201 Morril, B.L (1970) Spatial organization of Society. Duxbury Press, Belmont, California. Oherein, D.N. (1985) Accessibility to public facilities, a case study of postal service units in Owan Local Government Area, (Bendel State): Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Okafor, A.N. (1982) Service area of public facility in Ibadan Onokerhoraye, A.G. (1976) A conceptual framework for the location of public facilities in the urban areas of developing countries: The Nigerian Case. Socio-economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 10, Pp. 237-276. Onokala, P.C. (1995) The effect of landuse on road traffic accidents in Benin City, Nigeria. Journal of Transport Studies; Vol. 1, No. Pp. 34-44. Oyelegbin, R. (1996) Jams keep Lagos motorists on the road for hours. The Guardian, February 15, P. 9. Rich, R. (1979) Neglected issues in the study of urban services distribution: A research agenda Urban studies. Vol. 16, Pp. 121-136. Soyade, A. and Oyejide, T.A. (1975) Branch network and economic performance: A case study of Nigeria’s commercial banks. Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social studies, Vol. 17, No. 2, Pp. 119-131.